What do students tend to remember incorrectly in true-false questions?

Students often experience difficulty accurately recalling false items in true-false questions. This phenomenon can arise because false statements may not receive the same level of cognitive engagement as true statements. When presented with true-false questions, students may lean towards affirming statements that sound plausible or resemble factual information they have encountered. Due to this tendency, false items can be more challenging to remember since they often require students to actively negate the information or differentiate it from what they believe to be true.

Furthermore, cognitive biases may lead students to assume that more statements are true, especially if they are uncertain or if the false information aligns closely with their existing knowledge or beliefs. This results in a higher propensity to misremember false items compared to true ones, affecting their performance on quizzes or exams.